Skip to main content

District

Special Education

Special Education

Unique Learning Needs

Special education is a specially designed form of instruction provided to students with disabilities to meet their unique learning needs. Its fundamental purpose is to ensure that all eligible children with disabilities receive a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) that enables them to reach their full potential and prepare for further education, employment, and independent living.

Spectrum Academy provides a free, appropriate public education (FAPE) to all eligible students with disabilities in conformity with the requirements of the Rules and the IDEA.

Spectrum Academy follows all necessary requirements in the development and delivery of an individualized education program (IEP) for eligible students.

Placement in the least restrictive environment (LRE) will be implemented to the maximum extent appropriate for students with special needs. Spectrum Academy provides a continuum of placements to address the needs of students with disabilities to ensure those students receive special education and related services appropriate to their needs.

Common types of disabilities served by special education include (but are not limited to):

  • Specific Learning Disabilities (e.g., dyslexia, dyscalculia)
  • Speech or Language Impairments
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Other Health Impairments (e.g., ADHD, diabetes)
  • Emotional Disturbance
  • Intellectual Disability
  • Hearing Impairment
  • Visual Impairment
  • Orthopedic Impairment
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Developmental Delay (for younger children)
  • Multiple Disabilities.

Special Education Policies and Procedures

Principles of Special Education

Special education is tailored to each student's specific needs, strengths, and challenges, rather than following a one-size-fits-all approach. This customization is primarily documented in an Individualized Education Program (IEP).

This is a cornerstone legal right for eligible children with disabilities (ages 3-21) in the United States, guaranteed by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). FAPE means that special education and related services must be provided at no cost to parents and be designed to meet the child's unique needs, enabling them to make appropriate progress.

IDEA mandates that students with disabilities should be educated with their non-disabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate. This principle emphasizes inclusion, meaning students should only be removed from the general education classroom if their disability is so severe that their education cannot be satisfactorily achieved even with supplementary aids and services.

Before a student can receive special education services, a comprehensive and non-discriminatory evaluation must be conducted by a team of qualified professionals. This evaluation aims to identify if a child has a disability and if that disability adversely impacts their educational performance, requiring specially designed instruction.

The IEP is a legally binding written document developed by an "IEP team" (including parents, teachers, special education teachers, school administrators, and relevant specialists). It outlines the student's current performance levels, measurable annual goals, the specific special education and related services to be provided, accommodations, modifications, and how progress will be measured. It's reviewed at least annually.

IDEA strongly emphasizes that parents are equal partners in all decisions regarding their child's special education, from evaluation to IEP development and placement. Students are also encouraged to participate in their IEP meetings when appropriate, fostering self-advocacy.

These are a set of legal protections for parents and students to ensure their rights are upheld throughout the special education process. They provide mechanisms for dispute resolution, including due process hearings, if disagreements arise between parents and the school.

  • Special education is tailored to each student's specific needs, strengths, and challenges, rather than following a one-size-fits-all approach. This customization is primarily documented in an Individualized Education Program (IEP).

  • This is a cornerstone legal right for eligible children with disabilities (ages 3-21) in the United States, guaranteed by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). FAPE means that special education and related services must be provided at no cost to parents and be designed to meet the child's unique needs, enabling them to make appropriate progress.

  • IDEA mandates that students with disabilities should be educated with their non-disabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate. This principle emphasizes inclusion, meaning students should only be removed from the general education classroom if their disability is so severe that their education cannot be satisfactorily achieved even with supplementary aids and services.

  • Before a student can receive special education services, a comprehensive and non-discriminatory evaluation must be conducted by a team of qualified professionals. This evaluation aims to identify if a child has a disability and if that disability adversely impacts their educational performance, requiring specially designed instruction.

  • The IEP is a legally binding written document developed by an "IEP team" (including parents, teachers, special education teachers, school administrators, and relevant specialists). It outlines the student's current performance levels, measurable annual goals, the specific special education and related services to be provided, accommodations, modifications, and how progress will be measured. It's reviewed at least annually.

  • IDEA strongly emphasizes that parents are equal partners in all decisions regarding their child's special education, from evaluation to IEP development and placement. Students are also encouraged to participate in their IEP meetings when appropriate, fostering self-advocacy.

  • These are a set of legal protections for parents and students to ensure their rights are upheld throughout the special education process. They provide mechanisms for dispute resolution, including due process hearings, if disagreements arise between parents and the school.

Multi-Tiered System of Supports

Diagram illustrating a tiered system for academic and behavioral support, with three levels.

Building on the principles of RTI, Spectrum Academy incorporates a Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) framework to address the diverse academic, behavioral, social, and emotional needs of our students.

MTSS is a proactive, data-driven approach that ensures every student receives the level of support they need to thrive. This system is particularly beneficial for students with autism and other neurodiversities as it integrates academic instruction with behavioral and social-emotional interventions.
 

Why does MTSS Matter for Neurodiverse Learners?
MTSS provides a structured yet flexible framework that allows us to address the unique challenges faced by neurodiverse learners while promoting their strengths.

  • MTSS ensures early identification of learning or behavioral challenges through universal screening. 
     
  • It creates opportunities for targeted support that aligns with their specific needs across academic, social-emotional, and behavioral domains.
     
  • The framework supports collaboration between educators and families to create consistent strategies at school and home.

At Spectrum Academy, we believe every student deserves the opportunity to succeed, and we are dedicated to helping them thrive academically, socially, and emotionally!

A teacher stands in front of a whiteboard, addressing a classroom of students.

 

Three Tiers of Support in MTSS

  • Tier 1 - Universal Instruction: High-quality classroom instruction designed for all students, including differentiated strategies to meet the needs of neurodiverse learners. Approximately 80-90% of students benefit from Tier 1 supports.
     
  • Tier 2 - Targeted Group Interventions: Small group interventions for students identified as needing additional support in specific areas based on assessments. These interventions complement Tier 1 instruction and serve about 5-15% of students.
     
  • Tier 3 - Intensive Individualized Interventions: For students requiring the most support, highly individualized plans are developed based on data-driven insights. This tier serves approximately 1-5% of the student population and often aligns with IEP goals for students with autism or other disabilities.

 

Student Progress Monitoring:
We use progress monitoring tools to track academic development over time and evaluate the effectiveness of our instructional strategies.

For students with autism or other neurodiversities, this process is critical in tailoring individualized programs that address both academic and behavioral needs. In Tier 3 interventions, educators compare a student’s expected and actual learning rates to refine instructional components as necessary. 
 

Key Features of MTSS at Spectrum Academy:

  • Universal Screening: All students are screened early in the school year to identify those who may need additional support in academics or behavior.
     
  • Data-Driven Decision Making: Student progress is monitored frequently to ensure interventions are effective and adjusted as needed.
     
  • Collaborative Team Approach: Teachers, counselors, psychologists, and specialists work together to assess student needs and implement tailored interventions.
     
  • Family Involvement: Parents are engaged as active partners in understanding interventions and supporting their child’s progress at home.
     
  • Evidence-Based Practices: Strategies used at every tier are research-backed and proven effective for neurodiverse learners.

 

 

 

 

Spectrum Academy I.E.P. Meetings

Partnering with Parents to support students with Individualized Educational Programs (IEPs) is something we take very seriously and pride ourselves in. Our IEP meetings are unlike any you have ever attended.

We work together as a Team with Teachers, Related Services, Parents, and other outside agencies when appropriate to develop the best educational program for our students. For more information about the Spectrum IEP Process or questions about your student's IEP please contact your Special Education Coordinator.

Accommodations

A person wearing headphones writes on paper at a desk, with a dictionary nearby.Special education accommodations are adjustments made to the learning environment or the way information is presented or responded to, which help a student with a disability access the general education curriculum and demonstrate what they know, without changing what they are expected to learn.

Think of it as leveling the playing field. The academic expectations for the student remain the same as their non-disabled peers, but the method or circumstances of learning or assessment are altered to minimize the impact of their disability.

These accommodations are a crucial part of an Individualized Education Program (IEP) for students eligible for special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

Common Categories and Examples of Special Education Accommodations:

Presentation Accommodations (How information is presented):

  • Large print textbooks or handouts.
  • Audio versions of books or lectures.
  • Visual aids to supplement verbal instructions.
  • Reduced visual clutter on worksheets or in the classroom.
  • Text-to-speech software.
  • Copies of the teacher's notes or outlines.

Response Accommodations (How a student responds or shows what they know):

  • Allowing oral responses instead of written.
  • Using a scribe to write or type answers.
  • Using a word processor or computer for written assignments.
  • Allowing the use of a calculator (when it doesn't alter what's being measured)
  • Using assistive technology (e.g., speech-to-text software).

Setting Accommodations (Changes to the learning environment):

  • Preferential seating (e.g., near the teacher, away from distractions).
  • Taking tests in a quiet, separate room or small group.
  • Reduced distractions (e.g., study carrels, noise-reducing headphones).
  • Adjusted lighting or acoustics.

Timing and Scheduling Accommodations (Changes to time constraints):

  • Extended time for tests or assignments.
  • Frequent breaks during tasks or tests.
  • Breaking up assignments into smaller chunks.
  • Flexible deadlines for homework or projects.

Key Characteristics of Accommodations:

  • Changes how a student learns or is tested: They modify the process, not the content or expectations.
  • Do not lower academic standards: The student is still expected to master the same material and achieve the same learning goals as their peers.
  • Provide equitable access: They aim to remove barriers posed by the disability so the student can participate fully.
  • Individualized: Accommodations are tailored to the specific needs of each student as outlined in their IEP

Accommodations vs. Modifications:

It's crucial to understand the difference between accommodations and modifications:

Accommodations: Change how a student learns. The learning goals and curriculum expectations remain the same.

  • Example: A student with dyslexia might listen to an audiobook version of a novel. They are still expected to understand and analyze the same novel as their peers.
  • Accommodations are designed to ensure students with disabilities have an equal opportunity to access the general education curriculum and achieve the same standards as their non-disabled peers.

Modifications: Change what a student is taught or expected to learn. The learning goals and curriculum expectations are altered or reduced.

  • Example: A student with a significant cognitive disability might be given a simplified version of a novel, or only expected to answer a few basic comprehension questions, while their peers are analyzing complex themes.

Differentiated Course of Study

To meet the diverse needs of our students, Spectrum Academy offers three distinct programming tracks based on performance levels and Individualized Education Programs.

Students raise their hands in a classroom, participating in a lesson.
 

Traditional Course of Study

  • Designed for students performing at or near grade level in reading and math.
  • Includes explicit academic supports and leveled instruction aligned with Utah State Standards.
  • Prepares students for a high school diploma while addressing their unique learning styles.

A teacher assists a student with a worksheet at a desk in a classroom.


Occupational Course of Study

  • Tailored for students participating in Alternative Assessments.
  • Features smaller class sizes and reduced transitions during the school day.
  • Focuses on Essential Elements and Utah State Standards with flexibility for extended instructional time.

A teacher and two students sit on the floor, reading books in a classroom.


Functional Skills Course of Study

  • Designed for students significantly below grade level academically and developmentally.
  • Emphasizes basic reading, math, communication, social skills, and adaptive life skills.
  • Incorporates Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) principles into individualized programs across all grades.

S.T.A.R.S.

A teacher and two students sit on the floor, reading books in a classroom.

The Spectrum Transition & Academic Resource School (S.T.A.R.S.) is a specially designed facility that meets the unique needs of our students on the Functional Skills Course of Study.

The STARS program serves students by providing differentiated instruction guided by the Essential Elements, a set of standards linked to the Utah Core Standards to ensure general curriculum access for students with significant cognitive disabilities.

The instructional staff will implement Applied Behavior Analysis and other research-based techniques to provide individualized instruction for students centered on their IEP services, goals, and accommodations. Teacher-to-student ratios will remain low with 1 teacher to every 3-4 students, depending upon the intensity of supports needed.

The STARS facility offers specialized areas for classes, small groups, and one-on-one therapy sessions. Targeted socialization opportunities for secondary and elementary students will allow for maximized instruction with age-appropriate grouping.

Additionally, the STARS staff will work closely with the Elementary and Secondary Schools to provide integrated learning experiences throughout the school year.

Transition Planning

Spectrum Academy makes the commitment to every student to provide research-based instruction on core standards, daily social skills instruction, and sensory integration which culminates in the development of adaptive skills to ensure lifelong success into adulthood.

Beginning in the 6th grade, students and their families are introduced to Transition Planning and provided with ideas to initiate the planning process. Through 8th grade, students participate in classes, activities, and unique experiences that introduce them to several vocations and skills required for success.

Once students enter high school, a comprehensive Transition Plan is developed by the IEP team with great emphasis placed upon student involvement. The team develops goals in the areas of career, training, and adult living.

Transition services are identified to support progress towards transition goals and the exploration of transition opportunities from high school to post-high school activities, including postsecondary education, vocational education, integrated employment (including supported employment), continuing and adult education, adult services, independent living, and community participation.

 

Spectrum Academy Transition Planning Guide

People gather at a booth with a blue tablecloth that says 'Pilot Makers'.

Transition Planning Resources

Here are some resources to help students and parents navigate their transition journey. We understand the importance of preparing students for a successful future, and we’re here to support you in making that transition as smooth and empowering as possible.

Message from the Director of Special Education

At Spectrum Academy, our commitment to supporting every learner is at the heart of everything we do. As Director of Special Education, I am privileged to work with a dedicated team and a vibrant community of families, all focused on helping students reach their fullest potential.

A significant portion of Spectrum Academy’s students have Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), which shape our approach as a school community. We prioritize individualized support, collaboration, and maintaining high expectations for all learners. Our staff is highly experienced in developing and implementing IEPs that address each student’s unique strengths, needs, and goals. We are dedicated to providing specially designed instruction, accommodations, and related services to ensure every child can succeed academically and personally. 

At Spectrum Academy, our doors are always open. Strong partnerships between families and staff are essential for meaningful learning and positive outcomes. We are committed to working alongside families to support every student’s goals and dreams. Thank you for being a vital part of our community and for your trust in our team.

In partnership,

Mandy Fuhriman
Director of Special Education

Assessments

  • Acadience Math was designed with efficiency and dependability in mind. You can now track mathematics skills for students in grades K–6 as accurately and easily as you track reading skills.

    Acadience Math:

    • provides universal screening
    • detects when students need extra support
    • is sensitive to effects of intervention
  • Acadience Reading helps teachers identify children at risk for reading difficulties and determine the skills to target for instructional support.

    Acadience Reading K–6:

    • provides universal screening
    • detects when students need extra support
    • is sensitive to effects of intervention
    • supports the RtI/Multi-tiered model
  • The ACT is a summative assessment used by postsecondary institutions and employers to measure college and career readiness.

    • The ACT, as administered through state-funded testing for all public high school juniors in Utah, consists of four multiple-choice subtests (English, mathematics, reading, and science) and participation in the writing test, as directed by the Utah State Board of Education.
    • The development of academic skills necessary to be successful on the ACT extends across all grade levels.  

    ACT Information for Students & Parents

  • The Utah Dynamic Learning Maps (DLM) assessment is a statewide alternate assessment designed for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities who cannot participate in general state assessments, even with accommodations. It is used to measure what these students know and can do in English language arts, mathematics, and science. 

    Key Information for Parents:

    • Purpose: DLM assessments offer a way for students with significant cognitive disabilities to demonstrate their learning and progress.
    • Target Audience: DLM is for students with an IEP indicating that general state assessments are not appropriate for them.
    • Content: DLM assessments are based on the DLM Essential Elements, which are statements of the knowledge and skills expected of students with significant cognitive disabilities. These elements are linked to general education grade-level expectations.
    • Benefits: DLM assessments help parents and educators set high academic expectations, inform instruction, document academic growth, and identify student strengths and needs.
    • Accessibility: DLM assessments are designed with accessibility in mind, allowing for multiple ways for students to demonstrate their knowledge and using supports like the DLM core vocabulary.
    • Assessment Format: DLM assessments are delivered as short, instructionally relevant groups of items called "testlets," which typically take 5 to 15 minutes to complete.
    • Resources for Parents:
    • Student Access: Students take the DLM assessments on the Kite® Student Portal, a secure online platform.
    • Eligibility: Students are eligible for the DLM assessment if they have a 1% flag checked in their active SCRAM file, indicating they are not eligible for other state assessments.
    • Curriculum-based Assessments
    • Sensory Processing Questionnaires
    • Zones of Regulation Assessments

    Individual classroom assessments might include:

    • Quizzes
    • Essays
    • Presentations
    • Projects
    • Fluency Trackers
    • Exit Tickets
    • Academic Assessments
    • Cognitive Assessments
    • Occupational Therapy Assessments
    • Speech and Language Assessments
    • Behavior Rating Scales
  • The RISE assessment is a computer adaptive criterion referenced assessment system that includes summative tests for English Language Arts (ELAs), Mathematics, Science, and Writing. The summative tests are scheduled to be delivered to the following grades.

  • The Utah Aspire Plus assessment is a hybrid of ACT Aspire and Utah Core test items. It is a computer delivered, fixed form end-of-grade-level high school assessment for students in 9 and 10. Utah Aspire Plus includes four subtests:

    • Reading
    • Mathematics
    • Science

    Students receive predicted ACT score ranges for each subtest, as well as an overall predicted composite ACT score range. The assessment also provides proficiency scores for end-of-grade-level expectations for 9th and 10th grade students in Reading, Mathematics, and Science.

  • Utah uses WIDA Screener for Kindergarten and WIDA Screener Online (Grades 1-12) to identify English learners (ELs). WIDA Screener Paper is appropriate for recently arrived ELs and students with significant disabilities. WIDA MODEL is allowed for screening (acceptable for LEAs electing to fund this option). ACCESS for ELLs (Grades K-12) is given to all ELs during the annual testing window, which typically lasts from early January through early March. WIDA Alternate ACCESS is available for students with significant cognitive disabilities that qualify for Dynamic Learning Maps (DLM), but this must be determined by the LEA’s language and IEP teams. 

  • Summative Assessments

    What are Summative Assessments?
    Classroom summative assessments might include chapter tests, presentations, and/or final projects.

    Summative Assessments are used to:

    • Evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit
    • Compare student learning against a standard or benchmark

    Assessments: ACT, DLM, RISE, UtahApire Plus



    Formative Assessments

    What are Formative Assessments?
    Formative Assessments are used during the learning process to provide feedback and guide instruction. They are not typically graded and focus on identifying areas where students need more support or practice, allowing for adjustments to teaching methods. 

    Formative Assessments are used to:

    • Monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback
    • Compare data across grades
    • Provide administration and teachers with useful information to make curriculum and instructional decisions
    • Provide teachers with information to track progress on IEP goals
    • Provide teachers with information to make weekly or bi-weekly decisions about instruction
    • Allow students to track their progress

    Assessments: Acadience Reading, Acadience Math, Others



    Other Assessments

    These assessments are given on an ‘as-needed’ basis.

    Assessments: WIDA, Academic Assessments, Cognitive Assessments, Occupational Therapy Assessments, Speech and Language Assessments, Behavior Rating Scales