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Special Education

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Unique Learning Needs

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Principles of Special Education

Special education is tailored to each student's specific needs, strengths, and challenges, rather than following a one-size-fits-all approach. This customization is primarily documented in an Individualized Education Program (IEP).

This is a cornerstone legal right for eligible children with disabilities (ages 3-21) in the United States, guaranteed by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). FAPE means that special education and related services must be provided at no cost to parents and be designed to meet the child's unique needs, enabling them to make appropriate progress.

IDEA mandates that students with disabilities should be educated with their non-disabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate. This principle emphasizes inclusion, meaning students should only be removed from the general education classroom if their disability is so severe that their education cannot be satisfactorily achieved even with supplementary aids and services.

Before a student can receive special education services, a comprehensive and non-discriminatory evaluation must be conducted by a team of qualified professionals. This evaluation aims to identify if a child has a disability and if that disability adversely impacts their educational performance, requiring specially designed instruction.

The IEP is a legally binding written document developed by an "IEP team" (including parents, teachers, special education teachers, school administrators, and relevant specialists). It outlines the student's current performance levels, measurable annual goals, the specific special education and related services to be provided, accommodations, modifications, and how progress will be measured. It's reviewed at least annually.

IDEA strongly emphasizes that parents are equal partners in all decisions regarding their child's special education, from evaluation to IEP development and placement. Students are also encouraged to participate in their IEP meetings when appropriate, fostering self-advocacy.

These are a set of legal protections for parents and students to ensure their rights are upheld throughout the special education process. They provide mechanisms for dispute resolution, including due process hearings, if disagreements arise between parents and the school.

  • Special education is tailored to each student's specific needs, strengths, and challenges, rather than following a one-size-fits-all approach. This customization is primarily documented in an Individualized Education Program (IEP).

  • This is a cornerstone legal right for eligible children with disabilities (ages 3-21) in the United States, guaranteed by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). FAPE means that special education and related services must be provided at no cost to parents and be designed to meet the child's unique needs, enabling them to make appropriate progress.

  • IDEA mandates that students with disabilities should be educated with their non-disabled peers to the maximum extent appropriate. This principle emphasizes inclusion, meaning students should only be removed from the general education classroom if their disability is so severe that their education cannot be satisfactorily achieved even with supplementary aids and services.

  • Before a student can receive special education services, a comprehensive and non-discriminatory evaluation must be conducted by a team of qualified professionals. This evaluation aims to identify if a child has a disability and if that disability adversely impacts their educational performance, requiring specially designed instruction.

  • The IEP is a legally binding written document developed by an "IEP team" (including parents, teachers, special education teachers, school administrators, and relevant specialists). It outlines the student's current performance levels, measurable annual goals, the specific special education and related services to be provided, accommodations, modifications, and how progress will be measured. It's reviewed at least annually.

  • IDEA strongly emphasizes that parents are equal partners in all decisions regarding their child's special education, from evaluation to IEP development and placement. Students are also encouraged to participate in their IEP meetings when appropriate, fostering self-advocacy.

  • These are a set of legal protections for parents and students to ensure their rights are upheld throughout the special education process. They provide mechanisms for dispute resolution, including due process hearings, if disagreements arise between parents and the school.

Multi-Tiered System of Supports

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Spectrum Academy I.E.P. Meetings

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Accommodations

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Key Characteristics of Accommodations:

  • Changes how a student learns or is tested: They modify the process, not the content or expectations.
  • Do not lower academic standards: The student is still expected to master the same material and achieve the same learning goals as their peers.
  • Provide equitable access: They aim to remove barriers posed by the disability so the student can participate fully.
  • Individualized: Accommodations are tailored to the specific needs of each student as outlined in their IEP

Accommodations vs. Modifications:

It's crucial to understand the difference between accommodations and modifications:

Accommodations: Change how a student learns. The learning goals and curriculum expectations remain the same.

  • Example: A student with dyslexia might listen to an audiobook version of a novel. They are still expected to understand and analyze the same novel as their peers.
  • Accommodations are designed to ensure students with disabilities have an equal opportunity to access the general education curriculum and achieve the same standards as their non-disabled peers.

Modifications: Change what a student is taught or expected to learn. The learning goals and curriculum expectations are altered or reduced.

  • Example: A student with a significant cognitive disability might be given a simplified version of a novel, or only expected to answer a few basic comprehension questions, while their peers are analyzing complex themes.

Differentiated Course of Study

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Occupational Course of Study

  • Tailored for students participating in Alternative Assessments.
  • Features smaller class sizes and reduced transitions during the school day.
  • Focuses on Essential Elements and Utah State Standards with flexibility for extended instructional time.

A teacher and two students sit on the floor, reading books in a classroom.


Functional Skills Course of Study

  • Designed for students significantly below grade level academically and developmentally.
  • Emphasizes basic reading, math, communication, social skills, and adaptive life skills.
  • Incorporates Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) principles into individualized programs across all grades.

S.T.A.R.S.

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The Spectrum Transition & Academic Resource School (S.T.A.R.S.) is a specially designed facility that meets the unique needs of our students on the Functional Skills Course of Study.

The STARS program serves students by providing differentiated instruction guided by the Essential Elements, a set of standards linked to the Utah Core Standards to ensure general curriculum access for students with significant cognitive disabilities.

The instructional staff will implement Applied Behavior Analysis and other research-based techniques to provide individualized instruction for students centered on their IEP services, goals, and accommodations. Teacher-to-student ratios will remain low with 1 teacher to every 3-4 students, depending upon the intensity of supports needed.

The STARS facility offers specialized areas for classes, small groups, and one-on-one therapy sessions. Targeted socialization opportunities for secondary and elementary students will allow for maximized instruction with age-appropriate grouping.

Additionally, the STARS staff will work closely with the Elementary and Secondary Schools to provide integrated learning experiences throughout the school year.

Transition Planning

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Transition Award Work Based Learning          Transition Award Independent Living

Spectrum Academy is a 2025 Transition Impact Award Winner! We are honored to have received not one, but two awards recognizing the powerful impact of our work with Transition Readiness. This prestigious recognition comes from our team achieving the highest average growth in client scores from pre- to post-evaluation in every service area. This is a testament to our collective dedication and passion for making a real difference in our students' lives.

Transition Planning Resources

Here are some resources to help students and parents navigate their transition journey. We understand the importance of preparing students for a successful future, and we’re here to support you in making that transition as smooth and empowering as possible.

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Assessments

  • Acadience Math was designed with efficiency and dependability in mind. You can now track mathematics skills for students in grades K–6 as accurately and easily as you track reading skills.

    Acadience Math:

    • provides universal screening
    • detects when students need extra support
    • is sensitive to effects of intervention
  • Acadience Reading helps teachers identify children at risk for reading difficulties and determine the skills to target for instructional support.

    Acadience Reading K–6:

    • provides universal screening
    • detects when students need extra support
    • is sensitive to effects of intervention
    • supports the RtI/Multi-tiered model
  • The ACT is a summative assessment used by postsecondary institutions and employers to measure college and career readiness.

    • The ACT, as administered through state-funded testing for all public high school juniors in Utah, consists of four multiple-choice subtests (English, mathematics, reading, and science) and participation in the writing test, as directed by the Utah State Board of Education.
    • The development of academic skills necessary to be successful on the ACT extends across all grade levels.  

    ACT Information for Students & Parents

  • The Utah Dynamic Learning Maps (DLM) assessment is a statewide alternate assessment designed for students with the most significant cognitive disabilities who cannot participate in general state assessments, even with accommodations. It is used to measure what these students know and can do in English language arts, mathematics, and science. 

    Key Information for Parents:

    • Purpose: DLM assessments offer a way for students with significant cognitive disabilities to demonstrate their learning and progress.
    • Target Audience: DLM is for students with an IEP indicating that general state assessments are not appropriate for them.
    • Content: DLM assessments are based on the DLM Essential Elements, which are statements of the knowledge and skills expected of students with significant cognitive disabilities. These elements are linked to general education grade-level expectations.
    • Benefits: DLM assessments help parents and educators set high academic expectations, inform instruction, document academic growth, and identify student strengths and needs.
    • Accessibility: DLM assessments are designed with accessibility in mind, allowing for multiple ways for students to demonstrate their knowledge and using supports like the DLM core vocabulary.
    • Assessment Format: DLM assessments are delivered as short, instructionally relevant groups of items called "testlets," which typically take 5 to 15 minutes to complete.
    • Resources for Parents:
    • Student Access: Students take the DLM assessments on the Kite® Student Portal, a secure online platform.
    • Eligibility: Students are eligible for the DLM assessment if they have a 1% flag checked in their active SCRAM file, indicating they are not eligible for other state assessments.
    • Curriculum-based Assessments
    • Sensory Processing Questionnaires
    • Zones of Regulation Assessments

    Individual classroom assessments might include:

    • Quizzes
    • Essays
    • Presentations
    • Projects
    • Fluency Trackers
    • Exit Tickets
    • Academic Assessments
    • Cognitive Assessments
    • Occupational Therapy Assessments
    • Speech and Language Assessments
    • Behavior Rating Scales
  • The RISE assessment is a computer adaptive criterion referenced assessment system that includes summative tests for English Language Arts (ELAs), Mathematics, Science, and Writing. The summative tests are scheduled to be delivered to the following grades.

  • The Utah Aspire Plus assessment is a hybrid of ACT Aspire and Utah Core test items. It is a computer delivered, fixed form end-of-grade-level high school assessment for students in 9 and 10. Utah Aspire Plus includes four subtests:

    • Reading
    • Mathematics
    • Science

    Students receive predicted ACT score ranges for each subtest, as well as an overall predicted composite ACT score range. The assessment also provides proficiency scores for end-of-grade-level expectations for 9th and 10th grade students in Reading, Mathematics, and Science.

  • Utah uses WIDA Screener for Kindergarten and WIDA Screener Online (Grades 1-12) to identify English learners (ELs). WIDA Screener Paper is appropriate for recently arrived ELs and students with significant disabilities. WIDA MODEL is allowed for screening (acceptable for LEAs electing to fund this option). ACCESS for ELLs (Grades K-12) is given to all ELs during the annual testing window, which typically lasts from early January through early March. WIDA Alternate ACCESS is available for students with significant cognitive disabilities that qualify for Dynamic Learning Maps (DLM), but this must be determined by the LEA’s language and IEP teams. 

  • Summative Assessments

    What are Summative Assessments?
    Classroom summative assessments might include chapter tests, presentations, and/or final projects.

    Summative Assessments are used to:

    • Evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit
    • Compare student learning against a standard or benchmark

    Assessments: ACT, DLM, RISE, UtahApire Plus



    Formative Assessments

    What are Formative Assessments?
    Formative Assessments are used during the learning process to provide feedback and guide instruction. They are not typically graded and focus on identifying areas where students need more support or practice, allowing for adjustments to teaching methods. 

    Formative Assessments are used to:

    • Monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback
    • Compare data across grades
    • Provide administration and teachers with useful information to make curriculum and instructional decisions
    • Provide teachers with information to track progress on IEP goals
    • Provide teachers with information to make weekly or bi-weekly decisions about instruction
    • Allow students to track their progress

    Assessments: Acadience Reading, Acadience Math, Others



    Other Assessments

    These assessments are given on an ‘as-needed’ basis.

    Assessments: WIDA, Academic Assessments, Cognitive Assessments, Occupational Therapy Assessments, Speech and Language Assessments, Behavior Rating Scales

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